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- <text id=92TT0689>
- <title>
- Mar. 30, 1992: Talking About the Untalkable
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1992
- Mar. 30, 1992 Country's Big Boom
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- BOOKS, Page 69
- Talking About the Untalkable
- </hdr><body>
- <p>As jobs grow scarcer and resentments rise, blacks and whites
- give Studs Terkel an earful about race and class
- </p>
- <p>By R.Z. Sheppard
- </p>
- <p> In Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution of the United
- States, the Founding Fathers decided to count three-fifths of
- a state's slaves toward its representation in Congress. Put
- another way, most blacks in America were, at one time,
- considered to be only three-fifths of a person.
- </p>
- <p> This national birth defect went uncorrected until the
- Civil Rights Act of 1866 established "that all persons born in
- the United States...are hereby declared to be citizens of
- the United States." Passed during the most exhilarating days of
- Reconstruction, the act was greeted with officious optimism. "If
- there is anything by which the American people are troubled, and
- if there is anything with which the American statesman is
- perplexed and vexed, it is what to do with the negro," said one
- Yankee Senator. "Now, as a definition, this amendment settles
- it."
- </p>
- <p> Not according to Studs Terkel and the dissonant
- multiracial chorus in his newest book, Race: How Blacks and
- Whites Think and Feel About the American Obsession (New Press;
- 403 pages; $24.95). Even the liberal whites in its pages admit
- to deepening fears and animosity toward the growing urban black
- underclass. Most of the blacks who talked into Terkel's tape
- recorder do not think they will ever be five-fifths American.
- Joseph Lattimore, 50, a Chicago insurance broker, describes
- himself as typical. "Being black in America is like being forced
- to wear ill-fitting shoes," he says. "Some people can bear the
- uncomfort more than others. Some people can block it from their
- mind, some can't. When you see some acting docile and some
- acting militant, they have one thing in common: the shoe is
- uncomfortable. It always has been and always will be."
- </p>
- <p> Terkel, 79, put oral history on the best-seller lists.
- History may be too strong a word. What Terkel does is refine and
- package the radio call-in show between hard covers. It is a
- natural step for the man who for 35 years has been the host of
- his own talk show on Chicago's WFMT. In his checked shirts, and
- suits that look like they are sent out to be cleaned and
- rumpled, Terkel is the city's most recognizable author. The
- dapper Saul Bellow would be a close second. Scott Turow's
- commuter camouflage renders him nearly invisible.
- </p>
- <p> Can someone who transcribes other people's words truly be
- called a writer? In Terkel's case the question seems irrelevant.
- His books may not have the scope of literature or the authority
- of social science, but they do pack the wallop of theater--particularly the declamatory, political theater of the 1930s as
- exemplified by Clifford Odets' Waiting for Lefty.
- </p>
- <p> Waiting for Studs, one does not have to wait too long. He
- has published eight books, including Hard Times (the
- Depression) and "The Good War" (World War II). There was also
- Talking to Myself, a memoir of a life that included careers in
- acting, sports announcing and journalism. Terkel's earlier
- ambition was "to have a nice civil service job." It is hard to
- imagine. His disdain for bureaucracy and sympathy for the
- underdog would have produced an unlikely paper pusher. The
- crusty populism asserted itself two years ago when his
- publisher, Andre Schiffrin, was forced out as head of Pantheon
- by the parent company, Random House. Dramatically terming the
- dismissal "a barbaric act," Terkel left the world of bottom-line
- publishing to join Schiffrin at the New Press, established
- earlier this year as a foundation-supported specialist in social
- issues. Race is the house's first book, one that will
- undoubtedly turn a profit for the nonprofit publisher.
- </p>
- <p> Readers should also receive substantial returns on their
- investment. Most of Terkel's working-class and professional
- respondents are from the Chicago region, but their attitudes are
- not regional. Orchestrated by Terkel, the consensus is not out
- of line with what most readers, North, South, East or West,
- already feel in their guts: that race relations and perceptions
- of them are more confusing and emotionally complex than they
- were in the hopeful days of the civil rights movement and Lyndon
- Johnson's Great Society programs.
- </p>
- <p> It is no surprise that the tensions appear greatest where
- the economy is weakest and the class lines closest. So white
- workers competing for the same jobs as black workers express
- their resentment about affirmative action. Equally indignant are
- blacks who began to enter the work force only to be ejected by
- the recession. Periodically Terkel calls on an expert to provide
- an overview to the folk commentary. Despite obvious racial
- progress, few are optimistic. "You have young black men coming
- up now who would have worked in factories," says Professor
- Douglas Massey of the University of Chicago. "But there are far
- less such places today. Aside from working at McDonald's for the
- rest of their lives, what can they aspire to, without an
- education? They're not in a position to support a family."
- </p>
- <p> The same can be said for the growing class of
- undereducated white youth, a threatening prospect considering
- how cloudy and volatile are the thoughts and feelings Terkel
- assembles. This is understandable. Race itself is an irrational
- subject, which may be "the American obsession" but is not an
- American invention. The 3,000-year-old Rig-Veda tells of the
- Aryan god Indra's hatred for the black-skinned anasya. Han
- dynasty historians (right for the wrong reasons) believed
- yellow-haired, green-eyed people evolved from primates. The
- Babylonian Talmud attributes the blackness of Ham's descendants
- to Jehovah's curse.
- </p>
- <p> More than an obsession, race and racism appear to be
- inseparable parts of a deep neurosis in the human psyche. In
- which case, the value of Terkel's latest book is not theatrical,
- sociological or historical but therapeutic--a promising group
- session for a nation that loves to talk.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
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